ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก B ืฉืœ Freeda Health ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœืš ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืชืื™ืช.* ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืื’ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืขื ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก B ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™.* ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœ B1, B2, ื ื™ืืฆื™ื ืืžื™ื“, B6, B12 ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืคื ืชื•ื ื™ืช ืืจื•ื– ื‘ืชื•ืกืฃ ืื—ื“ ืงืœ ืœื ื˜ื™ืœื”. ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B โ€“ ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื”ืกื•ืคืจ B ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืกืคืงืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืคืš ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื. ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœืช ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก B ืžืงื™ืคื” ื–ื• ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื.* ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืคื•ืœื™ืช ืื• PABA โ€“ ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก B ื–ื”, ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืคื•ืœื™ืช ืื• PABA, ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ื”ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื”. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืจืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืชืื™ืช ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.* ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช - ืชื•ืกืฃ B-ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื™ืข ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ื’ืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B1 (ืชื™ืืžื™ืŸ), ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B2 (ืจื™ื‘ื•ืคืœื‘ื™ืŸ), ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B3 (ื ื™ืืฆื™ื ืžื™ื“), ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B6, ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B12 ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืคื ื˜ื•ืชื ื™ืช. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก B ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืงืคื“ื ื™ืช. ืคืจื™ื“ืื”: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.*

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืžืื’ืจื™ื• ืžืžื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉืœื“ ื•ื”ืฉืืจ ืžืคื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืื™ื ื•ืจืงืžื•ืช. ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื’ืจื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื–ื ืช . ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื ืกืคื’ ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื“ื•ืง ืขื ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื.* ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืฆื™ื˜ืจืื˜ ืžืกื™ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืฆื™ืข 420 ืž"ื’ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืœืžื ื”. ืื‘ืงืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” - ื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขื ืื‘ืงืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื”. ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืงืœื” ืœืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืœืงืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ืื• ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื›ื ืœืขืจื‘ื‘ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื• ืœืžืฉืงื” ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื›ื.* ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืฆื‘ื™ื - ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืจื’ื•ืขื” - ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืงื” ื–ื”, ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ืื‘ืงืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื”, ืžืกืคืง ืžื ื” ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืจื’ื•ืข, ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื’ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”.* ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื” ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” - ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื ืฆื™ืžืจืžืŸ. ืื‘ืงืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื•, ื›ืฉืจื” ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื‘-100%, ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ืฉืœืš ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืืžื™ื ื” ืขื Freeda*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจ GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. Freeda: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928. *ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.

.ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืื™ื, ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื’ืจื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืื•ื–ื ืช . ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื ืกืคื’ ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื, ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ืขื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื“ื•ืง ืขื ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื. ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื” ืงืœื”. ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ืฆื™ื˜ืจืื˜ ืžืกื™ืก ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื“ืจืš ืงืœื” ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืš. * ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ - ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ 400 ืž"ื’ ืœืžื ื”. ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื” ืงืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืืœื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืงืคืกื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ืื‘ืงืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืœืœื ื˜ืขื ืื• ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ืจื›ื•ืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื•ืช. ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื™ื - ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืกืคื™ื’ืชื” ื”ืžืขื•ืœื”. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืจื’ื•ืขื” - ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ืžื ื” ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฆื‘ ืจื’ื•ืข, ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื’ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื” ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื” ื•ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื”.* ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื” ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” - ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืชื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ื•ืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื ืฆื™ืžืจืžืŸ. ื‘ืขืœืช ืชื• ืชืงืŸ ื›ืฉืจ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ืขื ืคืจื™ื“ื”*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ืคืจื™ื“ื”: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928. *ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืจื‘ื™ื. ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืฉืืจ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชืื™ื, ื‘ืจืงืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื ืื˜ ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื ืกื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ืฉื™ื ื” ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื”. ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืžืžืœื ื’ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืงืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื.* ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื ืื˜ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื ื•ืกื—ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ื“ื ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช, ืชื•ืกืฃ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.* "ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื ืื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ ื›ืื‘ื™ ื‘ื˜ืŸ. ืื ื™ ืœื•ืงื— ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื™ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื. ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืงื™ ื•ืขื“ื™ืŸ!"* โ€“ ืœืงื•ื— ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื ืื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ : ืžื›ื™ืœ 2,000 ืž"ื’ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื ืื˜ ืœืžื ื” (4 ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช), ื”ืžืกืคืง 110 ืž"ื’ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™. ืฆื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื, ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื™ื : ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืขืฆื‘ื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช-ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื”.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืœืžืคืจืงื™ื : ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืงืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืื™ื, ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื. ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื’ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.* ื›ืฉืจื•ืช : ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช, ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืžืจื™ื.* ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ : ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ืช GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื ื˜ (ืœืœื ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช) ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.* ื›ืœ ืžื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช 210 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ ื›ื‘ื™ืกื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื ื˜ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ - ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืœื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ื•ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœื™ืช. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช ืงืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื›ืœืื˜ื™ ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื”ืจืคื™ื”, ืฉื™ื ื” ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื”, ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช.* ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-300 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื›ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื ืคืฉ ืจื’ื•ืขื”.* ื”ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืœื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื ื˜, ืงืžื— ืื•ืจื– ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ื•ืชืื™ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ืช. ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืžื™ืœื•ื™, ืœืœื ืกื•ื™ื”, ืœืœื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ - ืจืง ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืืชื ืกื•ืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืžืื– 1928. ืœืœื ืชื—ืžื•ืฆืช - ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืžืขื•ืœื” - ื‘ื™ืกื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื ื˜ ื‘ืขืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืกืคื™ื’ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื•ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืขื“ื™ืŸ.* ืžืงื“ื ืฉื™ื ื” ืจื’ื•ืขื” ื•ืจื’ื•ืขื” โ€“ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื”ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื’ืขืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื™ื โ€“ ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ื”ืจืคื™ื™ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืชืงื™ื ื”, ืื™ืชื•ืช ืขืฆื‘ื™ ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช.* ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช - ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืกื’ืœื™ืฆื™ื ื˜, ืงืžื— ืื•ืจื– ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ื•ืชืื™ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ืช. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘, ืกื•ื™ื”, ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื. ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘ ืžืื– 1928 - ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ืช GMP ื•ื ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื”. *ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.

ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ - ืžืฆืืชื ืื•ืชื•. ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืคื—ืžืชื™ 600 ืž"ื’ ืžืกืคืง ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื, ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ.* ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื - ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื, ื ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืœื• ื”ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ - ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“.* ื”ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืคื—ืžืชื™, ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื” 600 ืž"ื’ ืœื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื ืงื™ ื•ืงืœ ืœื ื˜ื™ืœื”. ื”ื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืœืช ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ืฉืžืจื™ื, ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืœืงื™ื‘ื” ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื ื ืงื™.* "ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืงืœ ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืฉื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื ืงื™."* โ€“ ื’'ืŸ ื. 600 ืž"ื’ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ : ืžืงื•ืจ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืคื—ืžืชื™ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื : ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืžืขืœ ื’ื™ืœ 50 ื•ืœืืœื• ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ืœื‘ ืื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื”.* ื ืงื™ ื•ืœืœื ืืœืจื’ื ื™ื : ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื˜ืขื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื - ืœืœื ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™.* ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืฉืจ : ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช 100% ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ืœืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื ืื• ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™.* ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘ : ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ื•ื ื‘ื“ืง ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.*

ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืจืงืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืกื™ื“ืŸ. ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืžืžืœืื™ื ื’ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื. ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื–ื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืกื˜ืื•ืคื•ืจื•ื–ื™ืก.* ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช โ€“ ื›ืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ืžื›ื™ืœื” 600 ืž"ื’ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•-400 ื™ื—ื‘"ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3. ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ 1200 ืž"ื’ ืกื™ื“ืŸ + ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ืื—ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื”. ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื.* ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” - ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื ืกืคื’ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3. ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœื ื• ืงืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื•ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื โ€“ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœืื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื’ื ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.* ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื” ืืžื™ื ื” - ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-90 ืฉื ื”, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืืžื™ื ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D3 ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ืขื ืคืจื™ื“ื”. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ืคืจื™ื“ื”: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืฆื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉืช ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช/ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ืื˜ืช ืขืฉืฉืช ื•ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ PMS. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืช ืขืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื›ืš ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื ืžืชืขื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื’ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 2:1) ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช.* ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกืคื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืขืงื‘ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช, ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืขืช, ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืขื”. ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ 1000 ืž"ื’ - ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ืกืฃ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฆื™ื˜ืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ืื—ืช ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกืคื™ื’ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืขืงื‘ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช, ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืืœื• ืžืฆื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืขืช ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืขื”. ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื - ื’ื•ืคืš ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืกื™ื“ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืชื—ื–ืง ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ Freeda ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช.* ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” - ืœืœื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D - ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืœืœื D. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืœื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืœื D3 ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื•ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื— ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืงืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขื Freeda*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. Freeda: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืฆื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช/ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ืื˜ื” ื‘ืขืฉืฉืช ื•ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ PMS. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืช ืขืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื›ืš ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื ืžืชืขื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื’ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 2:1) ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ. ืขืงื‘ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช, ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช, ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืงืœ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ - Freeda Calcium Gluconate ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืงืœ ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื ืื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ. ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื›ื.* ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื - ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ Freeda ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช.* ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืœื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D - ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืœืœื D. ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืœื” ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืœื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืœื D3 ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื— ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืงืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขื Freeda*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. Freeda: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™. ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืฆื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉืช ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช/ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืขืจื™ืš ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื. ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืงืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ืื˜ืช ืขืฉืฉืช ื•ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืกืžื™ื ื™ PMS. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ. ื›ื™ื•ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืช ืขืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื›ืš ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื ืžืชืขื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ื’ื ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื ืฆืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœื• ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื (ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 2:1) ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืกืคื™ื’ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืจืžื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ. ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ื ื–ืจื—ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืื‘ืงืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืกืคื˜ - ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืชื•ืกืฃ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื–ืจื—ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื’ื–ื™ื ืื• ืขืฆื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืžื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื–ืจื—ืŸ ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื, ืื‘ืงืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื–ืจื—ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืกืคืง ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืขื•ื–ืจืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ื–ืจื—ืŸ, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ.* ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“ - ืขื–ืจื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื–ืจื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืžื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขื ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื™ืœ! ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ื, ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื, ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืืจื ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื›ืจืกืžื™ื, ื—ืžื•ืกื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“. ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชืจื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื•ืช. ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืืฆืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื“ - ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืื“ื, ื’ื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ืช/ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื“ื ื•ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื.* ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ืื ื• ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื— ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืงืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขื Freeda*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. Freeda: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื—ื•ืก. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื. ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ื”ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื 100% ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืคืจื™ื›ื•ืช. ื›ืขืช ื›ื•ืœืœ MSM, ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืขื MSM - ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื—ื•ืก. ื”ื ื•ืกื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืœื‘ืช ืืช ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืขื ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ืชื•ืกืฃ MSM ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื•ื—ื”*. 100% ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ / ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ - ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ MSM ื‘ืฉื•ืง, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ 100% ืœืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื ืื• ื›ืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™. ื›ืขืช ื›ื•ืœืœ 750 ืž"ื’ ืžืชื™ืœืกื•ืœืคื•ื ื™ืœืžืชืืŸ (MSM) ืœืžื ื” ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื - ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื›ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ืœืžืคืจืงื™ื, ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžืคืจืงื™ ื‘ืจืš ื•ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืงืคื™ืฆืช ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืชื ื•ืขื”*. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืœืžืคืจืงื™ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ื’ืœื•ืงื•ื–ืืžื™ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื—. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืžืคืจืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืชื ื•ืขื” ื ื•ื—ื” ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืœื›ื ืขื ืคืจื™ื“ื”*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ืคืจื™ื“ื”: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ืกื•ืคืจ ืงืœ/ืžื’ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืื” ืžืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืฉืœ 2:1 ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืืœื” ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืžื•ื ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช, ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื–ืŸ.* ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื”ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืขืฆื, ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืชื•ืžืš ื’ื ื‘ืกืคื™ื’ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ื™ื—ื“, ื”ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœื“ ื‘ืจื™ืื”, ื˜ื•ื ื•ืก ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ื—ืœืง ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืจื’ื•ืข.* ื”ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ืช - ืžื•ืฉืœืžืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืœื•ืช ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื”. ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืคื–ืจื• ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืกืคื™ื’ื” ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ืช. ืžืฉืชืœื‘ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D: ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืกืคื™ื’ืช ืกื™ื“ืŸ. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคืจ ืงืœ/ืžื’ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื—ื•ื–ืง ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื›ืืŸ: ืงื•ืœืงืฆื™ื™ืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D. ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื โ€“ ืžืกืคืง 1,000 ืž"ื’ ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•-500 ืž"ื’ ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืœืžื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื ื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืก ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื–ืŸ.* ื™ื—ืก ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ 2:1 โ€“ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื—ืก ืกื™ื“ืŸ-ืžื’ื ื–ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ 2:1, ื™ื—ืก ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ื•ืกืคื™ื’ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืขืฆื‘ื™ืช ื•ืจื’ื™ืขื” โ€“ ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื“ื—ืคื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืขื”, ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ืจื•ื’ืข ื•ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.* ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื” - ื›ืฉืจื” ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช; ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืื– 1928 - ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ืช GMP ืชื—ืช ืชืงื ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื•ืขื•ืฆืžื”. *ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.

ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื‘ื”* ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืžืงื“ืžืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื. * ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ืช (ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืงื™ื‘ื”) ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืชื•ืกืฃ ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืงื™ื‘ื”. * ืื ื–ื™ื ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื–ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืงื ื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืคืจืง ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื ืกืคื’ื™ื. ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ - ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื”ืžืงื“ืžืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ืช (ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืงื™ื‘ื”) ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืชื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืงื™ื‘ื”. * ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ - ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”-Betaine HCl ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžื›ื™ืœื™ื ืคืคืกื™ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, Betaine HCl ืฉืœ Freeda ื”ื•ื ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ืœืœื ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. * ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ - ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื™ืชืจ ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืคืจืง ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื ืกืคื’ื™ื.* ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื–ื”ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื ื˜ื•ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื–ื”. ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืงื™ื‘ื” - ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ืช (HCl) ืžื”ืงื™ื‘ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืื‘ื ื™ ืžืจื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื—ื•ืžืฆืช ืงื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžืชื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ HCl. * ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืกื•ื— ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ื˜ืื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ื›ืœื•ืจื™ื“ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื—. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืคืจื™ื“ื”*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ืคืจื™ื“ื”: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื. ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคืขืœื• ื›ืจืื•ื™. ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก B ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ืจืง ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื”, ืืœื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.* ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœืช ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก B ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœื” 50 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืขืงื‘ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช, ื›ืขืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื›ืžื•ืกื•ืช, ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืขื” ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืกื•ืคืจ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B - ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืกื•ืคืจ B ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ืื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืืกืคืงืช ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ื. ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ืขื ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื.* ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ - ืชื•ืกืฃ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ืžื›ื™ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื: ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B1 (ืชื™ืืžื™ืŸ), ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B2 (ืจื™ื‘ื•ืคืœื‘ื™ืŸ), ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B3 (ื ื™ืืฆื™ื ืžื™ื“), ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B6, ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ (ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B7), ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืคื•ืœื™ืช (ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B9), ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B12 ื•ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ืคื ื˜ื•ืชื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื›ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื•ื–ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืชืื™ืช - ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ืฉืœ ืกื•ืคืจ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ืก B-50 ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืชืื™ืช ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B ืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ B ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืงืœื” ืขื ืคืจื™ื“ื”*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ืคืจื™ื“ื”: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928.

ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ืจืœ ืงื•ืจื˜ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืื™ ื“ื ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืกืคืงืช ืชื•ืžื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ, ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื–ื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”.* ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืžืื“ื ืœืื“ื, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืกืคืงืช 29 ืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ ืžื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคื•ืžืจื˜ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ื–ืขื™ืจื” ื•ืงืœื” ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื”. ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคื•ืžืจื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื”ื ืกืคื’ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื’ืžื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื” ื›ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื ืงื™ ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™, ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœืš ืื• ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื•ืคื.* ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคื•ืžืจื˜ โ€“ ืœื ื›ืœ ืชื•ืกืคื™ ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžื ื•ืฆืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ. ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคื•ืžืจื˜, ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืกื™ืกื” ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื ืกืคื’ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ. ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืขืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื–ืขื•ืจ ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื” ืžื–ื“ืžื ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื.* ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื•ืงืœ ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื” โ€“ ื›ืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ื–ืขื™ืจื” ืžืกืคืงืช 29 ืž"ื’ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ืจื™, ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช. ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื” ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืื• ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆืช ืจื•ืคื.* ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืœืกื’ื ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฆืžื—ื•ื ื™ื, ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ื”, ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ืคื. ืžืชืื™ื ื’ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื“ื™ืื˜ืช ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช (SCD).* ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C โ€“ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืกืคื™ื’ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ. ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืขื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ืคืจื™ื“ื” .* ื ืงื™, ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928 - ื‘ืขืœ ืชื• ืชืงืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืฉืจ. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืจื™ื, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ืช GMP ื•ื ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืช, ื˜ื•ื”ืจ, ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืžืชื›ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”.* ืœืžื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘-FREIDA IRON? ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœืชืžื™ื›ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืขื ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืคื•ืžืจื˜ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื” ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืชื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืงืœ ืœื‘ืœื™ืขื”, ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื–ืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืื• ืฉื’ืจื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืื– 1928.* *ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™. ืžื•ืฆืจ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืื• ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ.

ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืœืœื ืกื•ื›ืจ - ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืชืคื•ื– ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืขื ืืคืก ื’ืจื ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ โ€“ ื›ืœ ืžื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช 125 ืž"ื’ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฆื•ืŸ.* ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœื” ื ืงื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ืฉืจื” - ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื›ืฉืจ, ืœืœื ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืฆื‘ืขื™ื/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืœืงื˜ื•ื– ื•ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™. ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื - ืงืœ ื•ื›ื™ืคื™ ืœืงื—ืช! ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื, ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื. ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” ืžืื– 1928 - ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ื–ื›ื• ืœืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช. ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ืœืœื ืกื•ื›ืจ ืฉืœ Freeda ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื™ืกื•ื ื™ืช ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžื”ื ื” - ืœืœื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ ื”ื˜ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ืชืคื•ื– ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ. ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื•, ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื›ืื—ื“, ื”ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืชื• ืชืงืŸ ื›ืฉืจ, ื•ืœืœื ืกื•ื›ืจ, ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืชื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื ืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื”, ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืžื™ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ C ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืŸ ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืžื”ื ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืื™ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ื—. ืขื ืคืจื™ื“ื”, ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกืชื ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืชื–ื•ื ื” - ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ืืžื•ืŸ, ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื›ื.

ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœืขื‘ื“ ืกื•ื›ืจ. ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” (ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื ื’ื•ืœืžื™ื™ื). ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ 10000 ืžืง"ื’ - ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ 10000 ืžืง"ื’ ื—ื–ืง ืคื™ 2 ืžืชื•ืกืคื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ 5000 ืžืง"ื’ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืื• ืกื•ื›ืจื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ. ืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœื•ื ืœื™ืžื™ ืฉื™ืขืจ ืจืขื™ื, ื’ื™ืจืฉื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืืช ืื™ืš ืฉืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื! ืฉื™ืขืจ, ืขื•ืจ ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื - ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœืชื–ื•ื ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืขืจ, ืขื•ืจ ื•ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžื“ื™ ื™ื•ื ื›ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ืœื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืื• ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ืฉื™ืขืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืืงืกื˜ืจื” ืžื›ื™ืœ 10 ืž"ื’ ืœืžื ื”. ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B7 - ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืขืจ ืžืชื“ืœื“ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ืืš ืœืœื ื—ืœืžื•ืŸ. ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืืช ืžื“ื•ืœื“ืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ B7 ื•ื ื”ืœื• ืืช ื”ืชื–ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืกืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•. ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืžืจืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื” *. ืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ 10 ืž"ื’ ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ืื ื–ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช, ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืžืจืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื ืจื’ื™ื”* ื›ืฉืจื•ืช - ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืขืจ, ืœืขื•ืจ ื•ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื•ืงื—. ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื•ื ื™. ืœืœื ื’ืœื•ื˜ืŸ, ืœืงื˜ื•ื–, ืฆื‘ืขื™ ืžืื›ืœ/ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืขืžื™ืœืŸ, ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™, ืฉืžืจื™ื ื•ื’'ืœื˜ื™ืŸ. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ - ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ืขืจ, ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืขื ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ื“ื”*. ืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ืช GMP ืชื—ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจื•ืช. ืคืจื™ื“ื”: ืืžื™ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1928